Final answer:
A peroxisome is a membrane-bound organelle that contains enzymes for oxidative reactions, detoxification of harmful substances, and lipid metabolism, with the key function of breaking down hydrogen peroxide to prevent cellular damage.
Step-by-step explanation:
A membrane-bound organelle containing enzymes that specialize in oxidative reactions is called a peroxisome. Peroxisomes are single membrane-bound organelles, often referred to as microbodies, which contain an abundance of enzymes, including catalase and peroxidase. These enzymes are primarily responsible for detoxifying harmful substances, such as alcohol in liver cells, and for lipid metabolism. Furthermore, peroxisomes are involved in the oxidation of long chain fatty acids, synthesis of plasmalogens, and glycolipids. They play a critical role in neutralizing reactive oxygen species by converting toxic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen. This is essential for protecting the cell from oxidative damage.