Final answer:
The enzyme that catalyzes the reaction 2H2O2 to 2H2O + O2 is catalase, which operates within organelles known as peroxisomes to protect cells from oxidative damage by breaking down hydrogen peroxide.
Step-by-step explanation:
The enzyme that catalyzes the reaction 2H2O2 --> 2H2O + O2 is called catalase. This reaction typically takes place in organelles known as peroxisomes, which are involved in various metabolic processes including the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, a potentially harmful byproduct of cellular metabolism. Catalase is a type of enzyme that falls under the category of hydroperoxidases, whose prime function is the destruction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Because H2O2 is a powerful oxidizing agent that can damage cells, catalase is vital in protecting the cell from oxidative damage by quickly converting hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. In contrast to catalase, enzymes like cytochrome oxidases are involved in transferring electrons to oxygen molecules and converting them into water in different pathways. Specifically, catalase's role in breaking down hydrogen peroxide is essential for cellular health, particularly within peroxisomes.