Final answer:
Menopause is the cessation of ovulation and menstruation for a year, signifying the end of a woman's reproductive years, typically occurring in the mid-40s to mid-50s age range.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cessation of ovulation and menses for an entire year is called menopause. This biological process marks the end of a woman's reproductive years. During menopause, the ovaries lose their sensitivity to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), leading to a decrease in estrogen production and the eventual cessation of menstrual cycles. As a result, ovulation does not occur, and women can no longer conceive naturally.
Menopause typically occurs in women as they approach their mid-40s to mid-50s. While the average age of onset is around 52 years, menopause can vary in age due to biological and environmental factors. The menstrual cycle, including ovulation and menstruation, is regulated by hormones from the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries. Once in menopause, the menstrual cycles slow down and eventually stop.