Final answer:
During active breathing, bursts of action potentials occur in response to increased demand for oxygen, involving depolarization and repolarization of the neuron's cell membrane to alter ion permeability and propagate electrical impulses.
Step-by-step explanation:
During active breathing, bursts of action potentials are observed. These action potentials are electrical impulses that facilitate communication between neurons and are fundamental to the body’s response to changes such as increased demand for oxygen during exercise. During physical exertion, not only are motor neurons activated to stimulate muscle movement, but proprioceptors in the muscles and joints also signal the need to increase respiration. Consequently, the respiratory centers in the brain increase ventilation.
The process involves rapid and successive changes in the permeability of the neuron’s cell membrane, allowing for the inflow and outflow of Na+ and K+ ions, a sequence of events involving depolarization and repolarization. Specifically, depolarization is the phase where the neuron becomes permeable to sodium ions, followed by repolarization when potassium ions restore the polarity.
Between action potentials, active transport mechanisms maintain ionic concentration differences, ensuring that the neuron is ready to fire again rapidly without depleting resources significantly. This physiological process is essential for maintaining the heavy demands on the respiratory system during activities such as exercise, singing, or other situations requiring hyperpnea.