Final answer:
The domestication of dogs from gray wolves is an example of artificial adaptation, which is a type of selective breeding conducted by humans.
Step-by-step explanation:
The domestication of dogs from gray wolves represents an example of artificial adaptation. This process is a form of selective breeding, where humans have actively influenced the development of domestic dogs by choosing animals with certain traits to reproduce. These traits include a calm temperament, smaller size for easier management, and an attachment or tolerance to humans.
This selective pressure, guided by human preference, has led to the variety of dog breeds we have today, all descending from their wolf ancestors through the deliberate selection of favorably viewed characteristics.