Final answer:
Eric Foner argues that the failure of Reconstruction can be attributed to the ineffective policies of the Lincoln administration, opposition from both southern and northern whites, and a lack of commitment from President Grant and the people. These factors hindered the implementation and sustainability of Reconstruction.
Step-by-step explanation:
Eric Foner argues that Reconstruction failed due to a variety of factors. One reason is that the Lincoln administration's policies on reconstruction were not fully effective. While Lincoln had a more moderate approach in which the states would take the lead, Radical Republicans wanted a more comprehensive reconstruction that went beyond ending slavery. This disagreement within the government hindered the success of Reconstruction.
Another reason for the failure of Reconstruction was the resistance and opposition from both southern and northern whites. Many white people did not want to treat black people as equals, and southern Republicans did not form a unified party. These challenges made it difficult for Reconstruction policies to be fully implemented and sustained.
Additionally, a lack of commitment to Reconstruction from both President Grant and the people contributed to its failure. Despite the progress made during Grant's first term, he became undecided on whether the federal government should still be involved in the South. This lack of commitment and the absence of widespread support ultimately undermined the success of Reconstruction.