Final answer:
The generally accepted valuation methods include trading securities at market value and accounts receivable at net realizable value, while present discounted value is used for valuing future benefits from bonds and stocks.
Step-by-step explanation:
A generally accepted method of valuation is trading securities at market value and accounts receivable at net realizable value. Valuation methods depend on the type of asset being valued. For trading securities, the market value approach is used because it reflects the current price at which these securities can be bought or sold in the public markets. On the other hand, accounts receivable are valued at net realizable value, which estimates the amount of cash expected to be received, taking into account any potential losses from uncollectible accounts.
When applying the concept of present discounted value (PDV), which is relevant to both bonds and stocks, the value is based on the future benefits expected from these financial instruments. For bonds, this includes interest payments and the repayment of the bond's face value. For stocks, it's the expected future profits of the firm. PDV factors in the time value of money, discounting future payments by an appropriate interest rate to determine what they are worth in the present day.