Final answer:
Vasodilation is induced by all of the options listed except for increased extracellular K+.
Step-by-step explanation:
Vasodilation is the widening or dilation of blood vessels, which increases blood flow and allows more oxygen to reach tissues. In this question, vasodilation is induced by all of the options listed except for increased extracellular K+.
Increased extracellular potassium ions in the tissues would actually cause vasoconstriction, or the narrowing of blood vessels.