Final answer:
Both the medullary vasomotor and cardiac control centers indeed integrate the baroreceptor reflex, controlling heart rate and blood vessel constriction through the autonomic nervous system based on blood pressure changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
It is true that both the medullary vasomotor and cardiac control centers integrate the baroreceptor reflex. The medulla oblongata houses the cardiovascular center, which consists of nuclei that control both smooth and cardiac muscle within the cardiovascular system through autonomic nerve connections. Baroreceptors respond to changes in blood pressure: when pressure increases, they stretch more and fire action potentials at a higher rate; conversely, at lower blood pressures, their firing rate slows. The cardiovascular center processes input from the baroreceptors, leading to adjustments in heart rate and blood vessel constriction, thus executing the baroreceptor reflex for maintaining circulatory homeostasis.
The cardiovascular center receives signals from baroreceptors and other receptors, from which it regulates the autonomic nervous system — increasing sympathetic tone through cardiac accelerator and vasomotor nerves, and modulating parasympathetic output via the vagus nerve. The result of this integrated action is the precise control of heart function and blood pressure, crucial mechanisms for adapting to changes such as physical activity or stress.