Final answer:
A decrease in total peripheral resistance would cause blood flow to increase because the blood encounters less resistance in the circulatory system.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the principles of hemodynamics, blood flow through the circulatory system is inversely related to the total peripheral resistance (TPR). This means that if there is a decrease in total peripheral resistance, the blood flow would increase. This is because less resistance within the vessels allows blood to move through them more easily. The relationship between blood flow (F), blood pressure (P), and resistance (R) is described by the equation F = P/R, showcasing that flow is directly proportional to pressure and inversely proportional to resistance.
Given that, a slight vasodilation in an arteriole prompts a slight decrease in resistance, thereby enhancing blood flow. Conversely, factors like increased viscosity or turbulence could lead to a decrease in blood flow, as they add to the resistance. To maintain a steady rate of filtration, when blood pressure increases, blood vessels supplying the kidney will generally relax to reduce pressure and resist the flow of excess blood into the kidneys.