Final answer:
In prokaryotic cells, translation and translocation can occur simultaneously due to certain factors like the direction of processes and the location of RNA. However, in eukaryotic cells, simultaneous translation and translocation is not possible, and these processes occur separately.
Step-by-step explanation:
In prokaryotic cells, translation and translocation can occur simultaneously because both processes happen in the cytoplasm, in the same 5' to 3' direction, and the RNA transcript is not processed after being transcribed. This allows prokaryotic cells to respond quickly to environmental signals requiring new proteins. However, in eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm, so simultaneous translation and translocation is not possible. Instead, eukaryotic cells form polyribosomes after RNA synthesis is complete and the RNA molecule has been modified and transported out of the nucleus.