Final answer:
Cardiac output is influenced by factors that induce changes in heart rate. Autonomic innervation, endocrine control, sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation, and environmental factors are the primary factors responsible for inducing changes in heart rate. These factors can either increase or decrease heart rate, thereby affecting cardiac output.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cardiac output, which is the measurement of blood flow from the heart through the ventricles, is influenced by heart rate. Changes in heart rate can be induced by several factors. The primary factors that induce changes in heart rate include autonomic innervation, endocrine control, sympathetic stimulation, parasympathetic stimulation, and environmental factors such as electrolytes, metabolic products, and temperature. These factors can either increase or decrease heart rate, influencing cardiac output.