Final answer:
ATP synthase pumps H+ ions against the electrochemical proton gradient, facilitating chemiosmosis and ATP synthesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of ATP synthase pumping H+ ions across a membrane against the electrochemical proton gradient is known as chemiosmosis. ATP synthase acts as a channel protein and enzyme, facilitating the flow of H+ ions through the membrane and synthesizing ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. The electrochemical gradient generated by this process provides the energy for ATP synthesis. Overall, ATP synthase utilizes the movement of H+ ions to drive the synthesis of ATP.