Final answer:
Clusters of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are called ganglia, a term specific to the PNS and distinct from the CNS's nuclei.
Step-by-step explanation:
Clusters of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are called ganglia. The term ganglion (plural: ganglia) specifically refers to a cluster of neuron cell bodies located outside the central nervous system (CNS). In contrast, in the CNS, a similar cluster is referred to as a nucleus. It's important to note that the term nucleus has multiple meanings in anatomy and physiology, such as the center of an atom or the center of a cell containing DNA.
However, within the context of anatomical structures of the nervous system, ganglia are associated with the peripheral nervous system (PNS), whereas nuclei are associated with the CNS. Other terms like neuroglia and microglia refer to glial cells that have support roles within the nervous system but are not clusters of neuron cell bodies.