Final answer:
The hippocampus is the structure most associated with learning and memory functions in the brain, as opposed to the cerebellum, pons, medulla, or hypothalamus.
Step-by-step explanation:
An important structure in both learning and memory is the hippocampus. While the cerebellum, pons, medulla, and hypothalamus play various roles in the brain's function, the hippocampus, located in the temporal lobe, is especially associated with learning and the formation of long-term memories.
The cerebellum assists in procedural memory and motor skills, but explicit memory processing is more closely tied to the hippocampus. The pons and medulla are structures that play roles in the brain stem, whereas the hippocampus is a key component in memory within the temporal lobe.