Final answer:
The nervous system consists of neurons, which transmit signals, and glial cells, which support the functions of neurons.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nervous system is composed of two basic types of cells: neurons and glial cells. Neurons are the key active components responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals, essential for communication and computational functions within the nervous system. Glial cells, often referred to as glia, play a supportive role, ensuring that neurons are properly insulated, supported structurally, and have the required nutrients to function effectively. Although glia are traditionally seen as the support system for neurons, ongoing research suggests glia may also be involved in signaling.