Final answer:
The neurotransmitter most notably involved in learning and memory is acetylcholine (ACh). Although glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS and is significant for cognitive functions, acetylcholine is directly associated with the formation of new memories.
Step-by-step explanation:
The neurotransmitter thought to be involved in learning and memory is acetylcholine. While other neurotransmitters such as epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate are also implicated in memory processes, acetylcholine plays a significant role, particularly in the formation of new memories. Communication among neurons via neurotransmitters like acetylcholine is crucial for memory consolidation, which occurs as neurons repeatedly activate, leading to increases in neurotransmitter levels and more efficient synaptic connections.
Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), playing a critical role in excitatory synaptic transmission and cognitive functions, including learning and memory. It is stored and released from glutamatergic neurons and operates through specific ionotropic receptors like AMPA, NMDA, and kainate receptors, as well as metabotropic receptors. Upon release, glutamate is taken up by neurons or glial cells and recycled. Although glutamate is associated with excitatory actions, the student's question specifically targets the neurotransmitter more directly involved in learning and memory formation, which is acetylcholine (ACh).