Final answer:
To isolate integral membrane proteins, detergents like ionic SDS are used to denature proteins and solubilize them. These amphipathic detergents stabilize and extract the proteins from the cell membrane.
Step-by-step explanation:
The isolation of integral membrane proteins from membranes requires detergents, such as ionic SDS, which denatures proteins by masking their native charges and conferring them a uniform negative charge. These detergents are amphipathic and can substitute for phospholipids in stabilizing and solubilizing integral proteins, facilitating their extraction from the membrane.
Integral membrane proteins are embedded in the plasma membrane, interacting extensively with the lipid bilayer's hydrophobic region and often spanning the entire membrane. They have hydrophobic transmembrane segments, while also presenting hydrophilic regions externally, interacting with cellular or extracellular components.