Final answer:
Density-independent factors have the same effect at all population densities, while density-dependent factors have different effects. Both factors can interact in real-life population regulation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Density-independent factors have the same effect at all population densities, whereas density-dependent factors have different effects. An example of a density-independent factor is a pesticide that kills caterpillars regardless of their numbers, while a large caterpillar population leading to a decrease in food availability is an example of a density-dependent factor.
In real-life situations, population regulation is complex and both density-dependent and independent factors can interact. For instance, a dense population affected by a harsh winter will recover faster if there are more individuals remaining to reproduce.