Final answer:
Density-independent factors affect population growth without systematic changes related to population density, contrasting with density-dependent factors which typically intensify with increasing population density.
Step-by-step explanation:
Factors that influence population growth but do not change systematically with the density of the population are called density-independent factors.
These are environmental factors that result in changes in population numbers and have the same effect at all population densities. An example of a density-independent factor would be a natural disaster, such as a flood or wildfire, which can cause mortality in a population regardless of how densely the population is packed. This is unlike density-dependent factors, which are mostly of a biological nature (biotic) and include issues such as predation, competition, and disease, all of which usually increase in intensity as the population density increases.