Final answer:
The statement provided is false; melatonin production is increased in darkness and inhibited by exposure to light, and is integral to the regulation of circadian rhythms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland at greater levels during the day.' is false. The pineal gland secretes melatonin primarily in response to darkness. When the environment is bright, the exposure to light inhibits the production of melatonin via signals from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and then to the pineal gland. As light levels decline, such as in the evening, the production of melatonin increases, leading to higher blood levels of the hormone and consequently drowsiness.
High levels of melatonin in the bloodstream induce sleepiness and are associated with the regulation of circadian rhythms, which include the sleep-wake cycle. It is also involved in regulating reproductive functions, antioxidant defenses, and biological rhythms such as eating habits. The correct response to the production of melatonin is inhibited by 'exposure to bright light,' not declining light levels or nighttime conditions.