Final answer:
The primary demographic processes driving population dynamics are birth rates and death rates, both of which are central to the field of demography in understanding population changes over time.
Step-by-step explanation:
The primary factors driving the dynamics of population abundance are the demographic processes of birth rates and death rates. These two factors play a critical role in understanding population growth and decline. Demography is the statistical study of these population changes over time, focusing on birth rates, death rates, and life expectancies. Populations gain individuals through births and immigration, while they lose individuals through deaths and emigration. Such demographic factors are influenced by a myriad of variables including population size, density, distribution patterns, sex ratio, age structure, and environmental factors like natural disasters and resource competition.