Final answer:
The axon of a neuron transmits the electrical signal to a target cell, with voltage-gated ion channels located predominantly along the axon to facilitate this process.
Step-by-step explanation:
The part of a neuron that transmits an electrical signal to a target cell is the axon. Neurons are specialized cells that process and transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. A signal is received by the dendrites, which transfer the impulse to the cell body, or soma. Then, the signal is integrated and transmitted down the axon to be passed to another cell.
Voltage-gated ion channels are crucial in this process as they regulate the action potential along the axon. While dendrites and the cell body have various ion channels that contribute to the responsiveness of neurons, voltage-gated ion channels are predominantly located along the axon, especially at the axon hillock (where the axon joins the soma), along the axonal length, and at the axon terminals. These channels facilitate the rapid conduction of electrical impulses, which is essential for neuron-to-neuron communication.