Question

Which of the following occurs as a result of coarticulation? Select all that apply.

a. allophonic variations, in which we pronounce individual phonemes differently from how would pronounce them in isolation

b. dialect variations that include nonstandard usage and grammar as well as nonstandard pronunciation

c. misspellings of words that are, in fact, phonetically logical

d. increased controversy about how to pronounce specific phonemes correctly

Answer 1

Coarticulation results in allophonic variations and controversy over phoneme pronunciation. Allophonic variations mean phonemes are pronounced differently in different contexts, and disagreements can arise on correct pronunciation among speech communities.

Step-by-step explanation:

Coarticulation results in several phenomena that influence how speech sounds are produced and perceived, including allophonic variations and potential issues regarding the correct pronunciation of phonemes. Allophonic variations occur because the production of one sound is influenced by the preceding and following sounds, leading to different pronunciations of the same phoneme; these variations do not generally lead to misunderstandings. Lastly, coarticulation can contribute to disagreements or controversy about how to pronounce specific phonemes correctly as different speech communities may have different ways of realizing the sounds.

Answer 2

Coarticulation can lead to allophonic variations, dialect variations, and misspellings. It influences the way phonemes are pronounced in different contexts.

Step-by-step explanation:

Coarticulation is a phenomenon in which the pronunciation of phonemes is influenced by the surrounding phonemes in a word or phrase. It can result in several outcomes, including:

1. Allophonic variations: Coarticulation can lead to different pronunciations of individual phonemes compared to how they are pronounced in isolation. For example, the vowel sound in 'cat' may be slightly different when followed by the consonant sound in 'tin'.
2. Dialect variations: Coarticulation can contribute to differences in pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and syntax across different dialects. Dialects can be influenced by social and geographical factors, resulting in regional and social variations in speech.
3. Misspellings: Coarticulation can affect spelling, leading to phonetically logical but incorrect spellings. For example, 'warsh' instead of 'wash' reflects the coarticulation of the 'r' sound from 'war'.