Final answer:
The process of removing contaminants from an item for further processing is called sanitization, which is crucial in industries where hygiene is paramount, like food processing and healthcare.
Step-by-step explanation:
The removal of contamination from an item to the extent necessary for further processing is called sanitization. This process is critical, especially in food processing, healthcare, and other industries where hygiene is of paramount importance. Downstream processing is associated with the bio-manufacturing industry and involves the removal of metabolic byproducts to prevent them from inhibiting cell growth or being toxic. In the context of microbial load reduction, the term sterilization refers to the complete elimination of all microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, and endospores, which can be achieved through physical or chemical means.