Final answer:
Redistricting is the legal process required to redraw House voting district boundaries to ensure equal population representation, complying with the one person, one vote principle and mitigating malapportionment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process that states must follow by law to make their House voting districts as equal as possible in terms of population is known as redistricting. This ensures that each district has nearly the same population to maintain the principle of one person, one vote. The U.S. Constitution mandates that district boundaries be redrawn after each decennial U.S. Census to reflect changes in population. This act of reshaping the boundaries can sometimes lead to gerrymandering, which is the manipulation of district lines to favor a particular group or party, potentially undermining the equal representation mandated by law.
Redistricting attempts to prevent the issue of malapportionment, where district populations are significantly unequal. The objective is to create districts that are relatively equal in population and comply with the Voting Rights Act, which aims to protect the voting strength of minorities.