Final answer:
Patterson identifies four instruments of foreign policy: diplomacy, economic sanctions, military intervention, and although not explicitly mentioned, cyber warfare can be considered a modern instrument of foreign policy. These tools aim to manage relations, influence nation behaviors economically or through military force, and in the case of cyber warfare, disrupt adversarial infrastructures and processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Patterson outlines four instruments of foreign policy: diplomacy, economic sanctions, military intervention, and, though Patterson does not list this explicitly, we can consider cyber warfare as a modern tool as well. In the context of foreign policy, diplomacy involves the management of international relations through negotiation and dialogue, and is considered a form of soft power. Economic sanctions, such as trade embargoes or financial restrictions, serve as a nonmilitary tool intended to influence other nations' behaviors by pressuring their economies. Military intervention refers to the use or threat of military force to achieve foreign policy goals.
Not listed by Patterson but increasingly relevant in modern foreign policy is cyber warfare, which encompasses state-sponsored hacking and cyber attacks as means of disrupting another nation's infrastructure, stealing information, or influencing political outcomes, and is considered another form of coercive instrument.
To be clear, cyber warfare is not explicitly mentioned as one of Patterson's four instruments of foreign policy, but it is a modern tool that nations use to exert influence or disrupt adversaries.