Final answer:
X-rays can induce DNA damage in cells, potentially leading to cancer and genetic defects, but are also used in medical imaging and treatment for cancer.
Step-by-step explanation:
It is true that x-rays can cause biological changes in living tissue, and affected cells may be damaged or killed. X-rays have adverse effects on living cells, as they are a form of ionizing radiation that can cause heating, break chemical bonds, and ionize molecules. Their deeper penetration compared to ultraviolet radiation means they can affect cells beneath the surface, potentially causing cancer and genetic defects due to DNA damage. However, when used in controlled doses, x-rays have beneficial applications in medical imaging and radiation therapy for treating cancer because they can target rapidly dividing cells.