Final answer:
Access controls limit who can change records, while application controls provide an audit trail of changes made. They are important for data integrity and security in computer systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
Access controls and application controls are two important aspects of maintaining data integrity and security in computer systems.
Access controls refer to mechanisms that limit who can access and modify certain records in a system. These controls can include authentication methods like passwords and biometrics, as well as authorization levels that determine what actions a user can perform.
Application controls are designed to provide an audit trail of any changes made to records. These controls track and log all activities related to data modification, allowing for accountability and the ability to trace back any unauthorized or suspicious actions.
For example, a bank's online banking system may have access controls in place that only allow authenticated users to view and modify their own account information. Any changes made, such as updating contact details, would be logged in the system through application controls.