Final answer:
A septic preterm infant is at high risk for circulatory collapse when IV access is compromised, due to the potential development of septic shock, which can lead to multi-organ failure and death. The correct option is E.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a septic preterm infant's IV infiltrates and new IV access is being attempted, the nurse should meticulously monitor the infant for several critical conditions. However, given the options provided, the most pertinent condition to monitor for would be circulatory collapse.
Septicemia in a preterm infant can escalate to septic shock, characterized by a dangerous drop in blood pressure, and potentially result in multi-organ failure and death. Septic shock can be induced by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and endotoxins from infecting bacteria, particularly in cases of gram-negative bacterial infections.
This situation demands immediate medical attention, including the urgent administration of fluids and possibly anti-inflammatory drugs or vasoactive medications to stabilize blood pressure and prevent further deterioration.