Final answer:
The exclusion for health insurance premiums paid by an employer applies to current employees, retired former employees, and their spouses and dependents.
Step-by-step explanation:
The exclusion for health insurance premiums paid by an employer applies to d. Current employees, retired former employees, and their spouses and dependents.
This means that the exclusion applies not only to current employees and their spouses, but also to retired former employees and their spouses and dependents.
For example, if a retired former employee is receiving health insurance premiums from their previous employer, those premiums would be excluded from their taxable income.