Final answer:
The sociology professor is conducting a survey, which is a method that collects data on opinions and behaviors through structured questions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of research a sociology professor and his students are conducting by using a form with ten Likert scale questions to gauge visitor satisfaction at the local state park is known as a survey. Surveys are a commonly used scientific research method in the field of sociology and are particularly adept at collecting data on people's behaviors, opinions, and attitudes under controlled conditions. This format enables participants to provide individual input while maintaining a level of anonymity.