Final answer:
The patent should be reported on Van Buren's consolidated balance sheet at $36,000.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine the amount at which the patent should be reported on Van Buren's consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2018, we need to calculate the amortization expense for the patent. The remaining life of the patent is nine years, so the annual amortization expense is $45,000 / 9 = $5,000. Since Van Buren owns an 80% equity ownership in Grand Haven, the patent should be reported on Van Buren's consolidated balance sheet at 80% of its book value.
The book value of the patent is $45,000, so the amount to be reported on Van Buren's consolidated balance sheet is $45,000 * 80% = $36,000. Therefore, the correct answer is option c. $36,000.