Final answer:
Marx's theory of class centers on economic control and class conflict leading to socialism, while Weber adds nuance with status and power based on both economic and non-economic factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theoretical conceptions of class as viewed by Karl Marx and Max Weber differ in their focus and definition of key elements within society's structure. Marx's view is primarily based on the economic aspects and revolves around the ideas of the bourgeoisie, or capitalists, and proletariats, or workers.
This dichotomy is central to Marxism, where the control of the means of production is the base of class differences and potentially leads to class conflict and eventually socialism. Marx also explored the concept of alienation, where workers become estranged from their labor, the products they produce, and their own essence as proletariat labor is exploited by the bourgeoisie.
Weber, on the other hand, while agreeing that class is economically determined, added more layers to the concept. According to Weber, society is stratified not just by class but also by status and power.
These are based on non-economic factors such as education, kinship, religion, and also on one's affiliations with political parties. Weber's multidimensional approach considers the role of ideas and beliefs at the base of society, asserting that these can also determine an individual's power or social influence.
In summary, Marx's conception focuses on the economic struggle and the inevitable pull towards socialism, while Weber's conception adds a complex stratification involving status and power, leading to a more nuanced understanding of social dynamics.