Final answer:
The core of a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum is called the 'axoneme,' which contains 'nine doublet microtubules' and 'two central microtubules'. These structures facilitate movement using the '9 + 2 array' of microtubules and motor proteins dynein and kinesin.
Step-by-step explanation:
The core of a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum is called the 'axoneme,' which contains 'nine doublet microtubules' and 'two central microtubules'. This structural arrangement of microtubules is referred to as a '9 + 2 array.' The cilia and flagella are motile organelles found in some eukaryotic cells, which use motor proteins, namely dynein and kinesin, to facilitate movement along the microtubules.
Both of these organelles are critical for locomotion but also play roles in other cellular functions. For example, cilia on epithelial cells of the respiratory tract beat rhythmically to move mucus and debris out of the lungs, while flagella, such as those in sperm cells, are specialized for cell locomotion.