Final answer:
Inflammation involves leukocyte recruitment, capillary changes, phagocytosis, and containment of foreign matter. Margination, attachment, diapedesis, and chemotaxis describe the steps leading to leukocyte recruitment to the region of inflammation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Inflammation is a complex biological process involving a variety of steps that occur when tissues are injured or infected. To match the step of inflammation with its description as given in the student's question, we'll identify what happens during each stage:
- E: 'Additional leukocytes are recruited to the region' correlates with the concepts of margination, attachment, diapedesis, and chemotaxis. These are processes describing how leukocytes move towards the site of inflammation, adhere to the endothelium, pass through the capillary wall, and are chemically attracted to the site of injury or infection.
- A: 'Capillaries dilate and become more permeable' is referred to in the description of the inflammatory response, where pro-inflammatory cytokines trigger the vasodilation and increased permeability of capillaries to allow leukocytes and fluid containing immune cells and factors to enter the infected area.
- C and B: 'Clearance of the infection by phagocytosis' and 'Macrophages engulf debris and foreign matter' describe the role of phagocytes, such as macrophages and neutrophils, which engulf pathogens and cellular debris, digesting them within phagolysosomes.
- D: 'Foreign matter is contained' occurs as a result of leukocytes, like macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells engaging in phagocytosis to prevent the spread of the foreign matter throughout the tissue.
Overall, inflammation serves to bring immune cells to the site of injury or infection, where they can then neutralize pathogens and begin the process of healing.