Final answer:
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a powerful technique for the amplification of DNA sequences, which is used extensively in biotechnology and genetic research.
Step-by-step explanation:
A powerful genetic engineering technique used for the amplification of sequences of DNA is the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). PCR can amplify a region of DNA from any source, including extremely small amounts such as DNA found in a single cell or from DNA fragments obtained from a fossil. This process not only amplifies the DNA but also serves to purify it from surrounding sequences, enabling researchers to focus on specific regions for further genetic analysis. Kary B. Mullis, who was awarded a Nobel Prize for the development of PCR, made it possible for researchers to conduct numerous studies in gene structure, function, and evolution, and apply the technology in areas such as forensic science, medical diagnostics, and other commercial uses.
PCR is often used in biotechnology, mirroring its usefulness in gene cloning, identification of contaminant foreign DNA in samples, studying genetic diseases, and as a prerequisite step in next-generation sequencing. By quickly producing millions of copies of a desired DNA sequence, PCR has revolutionized molecular genetics, making it easier, faster, and less expensive to sequence entire genomes.