Final answer:
Bacteriophages can recombine with each other or with bacterial DNA, a process integral to forming recombinant DNA which is used in various applications including the creation of genomic libraries. The M13 bacteriophage and the lytic and lysogenic cycles illustrate the mechanisms of how recombinant phage DNA can influence host bacterial cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
​Bacteriophages, or simply phages, are capable of recombining with one another or with bacterial DNA through a process that may include genetic recombination and transduction. In the context of genetic engineering, recombinant phage DNA is created when phage DNA is ligated with fragmented genomic DNA molecules. This recombinant DNA is then packaged into phage particles and introduced into a bacterial lawn, where each plaque represents a unique recombinant DNA molecule.
Using this methodology, scientists can manipulate the transduction process to introduce specific DNA fragments into host bacterial cells for gene studies or cloning. The M13 bacteriophage, for example, has its DNA taken up by E. coli cells during sexual conjugation, which then can be used for recombinant DNA technology. Additionally, the lytic and lysogenic cycles play crucial roles in how recombinant phage DNA either incorporates into the host genome or directs the production of new, lysing phage particles.
Ultimately, the combination of these processes allows the creation of genomic libraries and the cultures can become a source of recombinant bacteriophages, which researchers can utilize to further study and manipulate genetic materials of interest.