Final answer:
Empiricism defines the process of learning about the world through observation and evidence, which stands at the base of the scientific method. It seeks objective understanding by testing hypotheses against natural world observations, distinguishing itself from reliance on authority.
Step-by-step explanation:
Learning about the world through observation, rather than basing one's views off of claims made by authority figures, defines Empiricism, which is a cornerstone of the scientific method. Empiricism in the philosophy of science emphasizes evidence, especially as discovered in experiments. It is a part of the scientific method that all hypotheses and theories must be tested against observations of the natural world. This process strives to be objective, critical, skeptical, and logical. The scientific method involves a series of prescribed steps, including observation, hypothesis formation, testing and experimentation, and refining hypotheses, aiming for a systematic and evidence-based understanding of the natural world.
In contrast to relying solely on testimony or authority, science distinguishes itself by seeking to answer questions with logic and evidence through its distinctive way of gaining knowledge. This empirical way of knowing uses our senses to gather knowledge, which is then verified through scientific practices. Indeed, scientific research enables us to move beyond preconceived notions and superstitions to gain an objective understanding of the world.