Final answer:
Biometric systems are access control systems that authenticate individuals based on their unique physical characteristics, such as fingerprints. Thus correct answer is option 1.
Step-by-step explanation:
Biometric systems, integral to contemporary access control, employ an individual's distinctive physical traits for identity verification. These systems encompass various methods, including fingerprint recognition, facial recognition, iris scanning, and voice recognition. Fingerprint recognition, a prevalent biometric technique, capitalizes on the unique patterns on an individual's fingertips to establish identity. Its ubiquity is attributable to the distinctiveness of each person's fingerprint, making it a reliable means of authentication.
Facial recognition technology analyzes facial features, iris scanning delves into the intricate patterns of the iris, and voice recognition identifies individuals based on their vocal characteristics. Biometric access control not only enhances security but also provides a seamless and efficient means of authentication, eliminating the need for traditional methods like passwords or access cards. The widespread adoption of biometric systems underscores their effectiveness in safeguarding sensitive areas and information, offering a technologically advanced layer of protection in diverse domains.