Final answer:
The measurement of urine specific gravity includes refractometric measures of light bending option 1, which indicates solute concentration in urine, but does not involve measuring the concentration of hydrogen ions (pH).
Step-by-step explanation:
Calculation and Measurement of Urine Specific Gravity (SG)
The calculation and measurement of specific gravity (SG) in urine primarily involves the refractometric measures of the bending of light as it passes through a solution. This method gives us an index of the concentration of solutes in the urine, which is important for assessing the kidney's ability to concentrate urine. The specific gravity of urine is typically greater than pure water, given water's specific gravity is 1.0. Adjustments are sometimes necessary for temperature variations when measuring SG with instruments like a hydrometer or urinometer, as these are standardized at a specific temperature.
In the context of health and medicine, specific gravity can be instrumental in diagnosing and monitoring various conditions. For instance, urine with a high specific gravity might indicate conditions such as dehydration, whereas a low specific gravity could be associated with conditions like diabetes insipidus.
While measuring the concentration of hydrogen ions (pH) and reference intervals can be part of a broader urinalysis, they are not directly involved in the measurement of urine SG. Consequently, the correct answer to the question would be that calculation and measurement of SG in urine includes refractometric measures but not the measuring of hydrogen ion concentration.