Final answer:
The cellular structures that result from antibody binding to RBCs and macrophage-mediated membrane removal in immune hemolytic anemia in dogs are Spherocytes. These are a consequence of type II hypersensitivity reactions, typically involving the complement cascade.
Step-by-step explanation:
The answer to the student's question about what results from antibody binding to the RBC surface and removal of a portion of the membrane by macrophages in immune hemolytic anemia (IHA), which is most commonly recognized in dogs, is 1) Spherocytes. Spherocytes are formed as a result of the type II hypersensitivity reaction, involving IgG-mediated lysis of cells by complement proteins. These abnormal RBCs have a spherical shape due to the loss of portions of their membrane during the immune-mediated destruction process within the spleen, where macrophages partially engulf the RBCs coated with antibodies.
This reaction can occur in cases of autoimmune diseases, where the body mistakenly targets its own cells, or in response to foreign antigens, such as mismatched blood transfusions or in situations like erythroblastosis fetalis where maternal antibodies target fetal RBCs. The complement cascade plays a significant role in cell lysis, leading to the characteristic spherocyte appearance.