Final answer:
The fluid type with increased cellularity and protein concentration due to inflammation is called an exudate.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of fluid with increased cellularity and increased protein concentration due to inflammation is known as an exudate. In response to inflammation, the vascular permeability increases, allowing for more cells, including leukocytes, and proteins to pass through the vessel walls and accumulate in the tissue. This results in the characteristic swelling, or edema, indicative of an inflammatory process. Exudates are rich in proteins and cells, contrasting with transudates, which are usually a result of systemic factors such as increased hydrostatic pressure or decreased oncotic pressure and are not high in cellularity or protein content. Chylous effusions are characterized by the presence of chyle, a milky fluid rich in fat, and are most commonly caused by disruptions in the lymphatic system. Hemorrhagic effusions contain blood due to vessel injury or rupture, rather than being directly related to inflammation.