Final answer:
The question seems to have a typo as 'Ab isotype' is not a term used in the ABO blood group system. Type AB is known as the universal recipient and type O is known as the universal donor due to the absence of A and B antigens on the RBCs, providing compatibility with all other blood types. Rh factor further defines blood type and compatibility for transfusion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term Ab isotype is not directly relevant to the ABO blood group or Rh factor systems; there might be confusion in the question. In the context of the ABO blood group system, persons can have type A, type B, type AB, or type O blood, defined by the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). An individual with type AB blood is known as the universal recipient as they can theoretically receive blood from any ABO type due to the presence of both A and B antigens. In contrast, an individual with type O blood is often referred to as the universal donor because their RBCs lack A and B antigens, making their blood compatible with any recipient.
When discussing the Rh factor, this refers to the presence or absence of the Rh antigen on the RBCs. Someone can be Rh positive (Rh+) if they have this antigen or Rh negative (Rh-) if they do not. The combination of ABO blood type and Rh factor defines the overall blood type, like A positive or O negative.
Each blood type has specific compatibility with others. Since type AB individuals do not produce anti-A or anti-B antibodies, they can receive RBCs from any ABO type. However, they can only donate to individuals who are also type AB. Type O individuals can donate to anyone but can only receive blood from other type O individuals due to the anti-A and anti-B antibodies present in their plasma.