Final answer:
The true statement is (c) Gene A and gene B can be transcribed at different rates, producing different amounts of RNA within the same cell. This is due to the unique promoter sequences and regulatory mechanisms that control the transcription of each gene independently, allowing for variable gene expression levels.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering two genes that are located next to each other on a chromosome within a eukaryotic cell, the statement that is TRUE is: (c) Gene A and gene B can be transcribed at different rates, producing different amounts of RNA within the same cell.
Transcription in eukaryotic cells occurs in the nucleus, where genes are transcribed into RNA by enzymes called RNA polymerases. Each gene has its own promoter sequence which determines if, and how much transcription will happen for that gene. Thus, even though two genes are adjacent on a chromosome, they can be independently regulated and transcribed at varying rates. This leads to different levels of RNA and subsequent protein expression and does not necessitate synchronized transcription of neighboring genes.
It is a misconception that adjacent genes must be transcribed using the same strand of DNA or that if one gene is transcribed, the adjacent one must be as well. Genes have distinct regulatory mechanisms, which allow for the independent transcriptional regulation necessary for cellular function and complexity in eukaryotic organisms.