Final answer:
The nurse's actions of educating factory workers on the use of hearing protectors represents primary prevention in health, aiming to prevent potential hearing loss before it occurs. The correct option is 1.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nurse presenting a program to workers covering safety topics and the importance of using hearing protectors is practicing primary prevention. Primary prevention aims to prevent diseases or injuries before they occur through education, vaccination, and environmental changes.
By advocating for the wearing of hearing protectors, the nurse is attempting to prevent noise-induced hearing loss, which aligns with primary prevention efforts. This contrasts with secondary prevention, which involves early detection and management of disease, and tertiary prevention, which focuses on managing and rehabilitating those who have already experienced an illness or injury.