Final answer:
RTKs and GTPase Ras are components of signal transduction pathways that regulate cell division and proliferation. Mutations in Ras can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and cancer.
Step-by-step explanation:
RTK and GTPase Ras in Enzyme-coupled Receptors
RTKs (Receptor Tyrosine Kinases) and GTPase Ras are two key components of signal transduction pathways involved in cell division and proliferation. RTKs are cell-surface receptors that activate Ras proteins, which in turn initiate the MAPK kinase cascade. The Ras protein acts as a G-protein that undergoes a cycle of GTP binding and hydrolysis to regulate cell proliferation. Mutations in Ras that prevent GTP hydrolysis can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and cancer.