Final answer:
In signal transduction, the critical role of the plasma membrane is supported by receptors that interact with effector molecules to activate intracellular signaling pathways. These complex proteins embedded within the plasma membrane's structure are essential for cell communication and function.
Step-by-step explanation:
The property of the plasma membrane that plays a critical role in signal transduction is its ability to support the function of receptors. These receptors are complex and integral proteins that facilitate communication between the cell and its external environment. Upon binding with effector molecules, such as hormones and growth factors, they activate intracellular signaling pathways which may involve a series of steps including activation of G-proteins, production of second messengers like cAMP, and phosphorylation of proteins.
Receptors play a key role in maintaining cell communication and function. Malfunctions in receptor proteins can lead to a variety of diseases, including cancer and heart disease. Furthermore, the Fluid Mosaic Model of the plasma membrane indicates that these receptors are embedded in a fluidic lipid bilayer, allowing them to move and function properly within the membrane's structure.