Final answer:
Artificial Intelligence researchers work to mimic human abilities in machines, encompassing distinct types like reactive machines and self-aware AI, with applications in self-driving cars and significant ethical considerations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Artificial Intelligence researchers work to mimic human abilities and skills in machines. They aim to effectively define artificial intelligence as the simulation of human intelligence by machines. AI can be categorized into four types: reactive machines, limited memory, theory of mind, and self-aware machines. AI has significant applications in various leading industries, such as self-driving cars and virtual butlers. Despite its benefits, there is a spectrum of ethical concerns and governance issues, including the potential threats to cyber security, personal privacy, employment, and alignment with human values, which necessitate careful consideration and possible regulation.