Final answer:
4. Earth is a closed system in terms of matter because it doesn't exchange matter with its surroundings, but it's an open system regarding energy as it exchanges energy, such as sunlight, with the environment.
Step-by-step explanation:
In terms of matter and resources, Earth is essentially a closed system; In terms of energy, Earth is a open system. The correct answer from the provided options is 4) closed; open. A closed system can exchange energy but not matter with its surroundings.
Earth's system exchanges energy with its environment, such as solar radiation entering the atmosphere and heat escaping into space, but the planetary matter largely remains within the system, with minimal input or loss. Contrarily, biological organisms exemplify open systems, readily exchanging both energy and matter with their environments, like plants absorbing sunlight for photosynthesis and animals consuming food for energy.